Tribe challenging pipeline has some advantages in courtroom

OMAHA, Neb. -- The American Indians challenging an oil pipeline that would cross four states have some legal advantages in a courtroom -- particularly their tribe's status as a sovereign nation with long ties to the land in question.

But stopping a major project such as the Dakota Access pipeline after construction has begun is difficult, and even if the Standing Rock Sioux win in federal court, the end result might be simply an altered route.

A judge is expected to rule today on whether to block construction of the pipeline that is supposed to pass close to the tribal reservation near the North Dakota-South Dakota border. No matter what the court decides, opponents seem prepared for a long fight, following many of the same tactics used to defeat the Canada-to-Nebraska segment of the Keystone XL pipeline.

The tribe's lawsuit alleges the Dakota Access pipeline violates several federal laws, including the National Historic Preservation Act, and threatens the region's water supply and sacred ancient sites outside the 2.3-million acre reservation.

The tribe argues the Army Corps of Engineers should not have used a streamlined permit process when it reviewed the pipeline, and engineers did not do enough to consult with tribal members about the $3.8 billion project as required by the historic-preservation law.

The Corps disputes those allegations.

The consultation requirement is an example of how the tribe's status as a sovereign nation could give it more influence, said Tom King, a consultant who has worked with tribes and businesses on historic-preservation issues for roughly five decades.

As a sovereign nation, the tribe is entitled to a formal process for airing any concerns. That process does not apply to a nearby rancher, for instance.

Other tribes have prevailed under similar circumstances. Earlier this year, federal officials canceled an oil-and-gas lease in northwest Montana because the Blackfoot tribes of the U.S. and Canada said the project would disturb an area they consider sacred.

The Corps rejected a $700 million coal-export terminal proposed for Washington state because regulators decided the project would violate the Lummi tribe's treaty-protected fishing rights.

The 1,172-mile Dakota Access project gained enough state and federal approvals to begin construction this summer on some sections of the route through North Dakota, South Dakota, Iowa and Illinois. Some of the work is on hold until the judge rules.

The success of the fight against the failed Keystone XL pipeline has emboldened environmental groups, Indiana University professor David Konisky said, but the protests and lawsuits likely will not stop the Dakota Access project.

"I suspect it will be delayed and possibly changed, but all indications are it will be built," said Konisky, who studies public policy and has written a book about public attitudes on energy.

This week's ruling isn't likely to settle the dispute. Appeals are likely no matter who wins this round.

There have been other legal challenges and protests of the pipeline, with the most aggressive ones in North Dakota and Iowa. Several dozen protesters have been arrested after chaining themselves to construction equipment or otherwise trying to block the work. The fight over the Keystone XL lasted seven years. Forcing a significant delay in the Dakota Access project might be considered a victory in itself.

"Delays are often critical elements to victory. It's a death by a thousand cuts. If there are so many delays and frustration on the overall project, you have a better chance of it not going through," said Omaha attorney Brian Jorde, who helped develop the pipeline-fighting plan while representing Nebraska landowners fighting Keystone XL.