State budget pictures bleak as lawmakers head back

ATLANTA -- If you thought state budgets were in bad shape last year, just wait: 2010 promises to be brutal for lawmakers -- many facing re-election -- as they scramble to find enough money to keep their states running without raising taxes.

Tax collections continue to sputter. Federal stimulus dollars are about to dry up. Rainy day funds have been tapped. And demand for services -- like Medicaid, food stamps and unemployment benefits -- is soaring.

As lawmakers head back to state capitols this month, budget woes range "from bad to ridiculously bad," said David Wyss, chief economist at Standard & Poors in New York. "There are some states, those hit particularly hard by the recession, that I don't think can cut spending enough. They're running out of things to cut."

Typically, the worst budget years for states are the two years after a recession ends. Across the nation, budgets are already lean after several rounds on the chopping block. And unless lawmakers increase taxes or fees, most will need to cut even more as they grapple with the steepest decline of tax receipts on record. Services ranging from higher education to programs for the elderly could be in jeopardy.

The crunch could also mean new tolls to fund road projects, more prisoners being released early to trim corrections budgets, and the end of welfare programs that don't bring federal matching dollars.

Billions in shortfalls

The Center on Budget and Policy Priorities offers a bleak forecast: State budget shortfalls are likely to reach a whopping $180 billion for the coming fiscal year, double the size of Texas' annual budget.

"It's going to be the toughest year yet," said Raymond Scheppach, director of the National Governors Association, who predicts funding could evaporate for higher education, the arts and economic development. "The states haven't hit bottom."

Mary Ann Neureiter, who runs an adult day care center in suburban Atlanta, saw her state aid cut in half in 2009.

"It's heartbreaking because I foresee, in the coming year, it's going to get even worse for services for the elderly," she said.

States had already closed a $146 billion gap when they put together their budgets for the current fiscal year. They were short by about 20 percent, with 36 states now reporting an additional shortfall of $28.2 billion for the fiscal year that ends in June, according to data compiled by the National Conference of State Legislatures.

That's because state tax collections lagged behind even projections revised downward to be more pessimistic.

Slashing services

Forty-three states and the District of Columbia have already slashed spending on popular services, including education, health care and services to the elderly and disabled.

With cuts reaching into classrooms and hitting the neediest residents, elected officials will be under increasing pressure to find more revenue. But in a number of fiscally conservative states, leaders have pledged not to raise taxes, leaving them few options.

In Oregon, voters go to the polls Jan. 26 to decide whether to uphold tax increases the legislature imposed on corporations and higher-income residents.

Scott Moore, of the pro-tax group Vote Yes for Oregon, said the $727 million tax increase package will protect schools and critical services while keeping the burden off middle-class families. But Pat McCormick of Oregonians Against Job-Killing Taxes argues the tax increases will cost the state private sector jobs and keep it in recession.

Lawmakers in other states will be watching to see what happens, said Corina Eckl, fiscal policy director for the National Conference of State Legislatures.

"It really could be a bellwether for public tolerance," she said.

One possible rescue could come in the form of more stimulus money from Washington, but the prospects are uncertain. States last year were able to tap President Barack Obama's economic stimulus package to soften the blow of budget cuts, mainly in education and health care, and some of that money is still left.

Politics are also at play. Twenty-two governorships are open in 2010, meaning incumbents on their way out the door could try to hand off the budget misery to their successors. Some are already signaling the pain ahead.

In Washington state, Gov. Christine Gregoire has said she will propose a tax increase package to help close a $2.6 billion state budget deficit. In California, the new House speaker has said a mix of taxes and spending cuts will be needed fill another massive $21 billion budget deficit.

In New Jersey, incoming Gov. Chris Christie has promised not to raise taxes his first year in office despite a $9 billion shortfall. He's looking at budget cuts of up to 25 percent in state agencies.

And in Idaho, Republicans are pushing to cut individual and corporate taxes by more than one-third over the next decade, saying it would breathe life into the state's sputtering economy.

States' budget problems are the result of plunging real estate values and home sales; unemployment, which is taking a toll on personal income tax collections; and plunging sales tax collections.

Eckl predicted that after several years of across-the-board cuts and short-term fixes designed to ride out the sour economy, states this year will look to make deeper, more, sustained cuts that could fundamentally change what services government provides. Whole programs could be eliminated. Layoffs will take the place of furloughs.

What the cuts will mean in specific states will become clear as state legislators roll up their sleeves and plunge into the red ink that awaits them.

Forty-five states hold regular legislative sessions in 2010, most convening in January.

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Associated Press writers Brad Cain in Salem, Ore., Angela Delli Santi in Trenton, N.J., Curt Woodward in Olympia, Wash., and John Miller in Boise, Idaho contributed to this report.

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On the Web:

National Conference of State Legislatures: www.ncsl.org

Center on Budget and Policy Priorities: www.cbpp.org