Nobel Peace Prize produces 1 message from 2 rival nations

NEW DELHI -- One is Muslim, the other Hindu. One a Pakistani, the other Indian. One a schoolgirl just starting in life, the other a man with decades of experience.

Despite their differences, 17-year-old Malala Yousafzai and 60-year-old Kailash Satyarthi will be forever linked -- co-winners of the 2014 Nobel Peace Prize, honored for risking their lives for the rights of children to education and to lives free of abuse.

But something more was at work here: In awarding the prize Friday, the Nobel Committee also sent a message to the rival nations of India and Pakistan that if two of their citizens can work for a common goal, their governments too could do better in finding common ground.

Old grudges

The two nations have almost defined themselves by their opposition to each other. They became enemies almost instantly upon gaining independence in 1947 from imperial Britain and have since fought three wars over various issues, including claims to the Himalayan region of Kashmir that sits between them. Last week, their troops have hurled mortar shells and fired guns at each other across the Kashmir border, with civilian casualties in double digits.

The Nobel Committee's chairman, Thorbjoern Jagland, acknowledged his panel gave the prize to Yousafzai and Satyarthi partly to nudge the two countries together, though he cautioned the impact of the award should not be overestimated.

"You can see that there is a lot of extremism coming from this part of the world. It is partly coming from the fact that young people don't have a future. They don't have education. They don't have a job," Jagland said. "We want to show that people in all religions can come together in a common cause."

The Indian winner spoke about the potential to bridge old divides.

About Malala, Satyarthi said: "I will invite her in a new fight for peace in our region." He also said this year's choice to award one person from each of the nuclear-armed neighbors in South Asia made "a great statement from the Nobel committee looking at the present scenarios between India and Pakistan."

Political engineering

This would not be the first time the Peace Prize apparently has engaged in this kind of political engineering.

In 2009, the committee awarded Barack Obama after the U.S. president visited Middle Eastern nations estranged during the previous Bush administration. Fifteen years earlier, the award went to the trio of Yitzhak Rabin, Yasser Arafat and Shimon Peres after an apparent breakthrough in Israeli-Palestinian peace talks, though it never led to a deal.

And in 1996, the committee awarded Timorese Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo and José Ramos-Horta, which many believe was critical in the peaceful cessation of East Timor from Indonesia in 2001.

"Often the committee tries to bring people in conflict together and see how they can build new bridges," said Oslo, Norway-based Nobel historian Oeivind Stenersen.

It "tries to find people seeking new ways and solutions in difficult conflicts," he said. This year's choice "makes sense because the committee has been able to combine a lot of themes, including a brotherhood between India and Pakistan. They have done this in a very clever way."

But others said it wasn't likely to work.

"It is tempting to see the Nobel Peace Prize announcement as a nuanced message to Pakistan and India to stop shelling each other across the border and start protecting children," said London-based writer and human rights activist Salil Tripathi. "Whether that will sway the hard-liners on both sides is of course a different question."

Independent Pakistani political analyst Hasan Askari Rizvi in Lahore said the nations' animosity was so deep that "I don't see any positive impact of the award on two societies," especially while battles continued along the Kashmiri border.

Still, the two countries have much in common -- and much of what they have in common is not good.

Both India and Pakistan today face challenges in lifting their people out of poverty, though each is beset by its challenges in doing so. India, a bubbling democracy with a fast-growing economy, has been overwhelmed by the scale by which it needs to improve people's lives, with a 1.2 billion population that is growing. Pakistan, with a gross domestic product equal to just a quarter India's stock exchange daily trade, is further behind in generating power, building infrastructure and establishing security. It also is widely seen as being controlled by an entrenched and opaque military establishment often accused of cozying up to militant jihadists.

And as was underscored by Friday's award, child labor and abuse are widespread, and largely ignored, in both India and Pakistan.

Child issues

Satyarthi has been at the forefront of a global movement to end child slavery and exploitative child labor since 1980, and has led the rescue of tens of thousands of child slaves and developed a successful model for their education and rehabilitation. He also has survived several attempts on his life.

Malala, who lives with her family in the British city of Birmingham, was shot in the head by a Taliban gunman in Pakistan for insisting that girls as well as boys have the right to an education. Surviving several operations with the help of British medical care, she continued her activism and her studies.

"The nature of the work is quiet, because it doesn't involve any violence, any strident protests or noisy demonstrations," said Ashis Nandy, political psychologist and social theorist with the Delhi-based Center for the Study of Developing Society. "These children don't have any vote, so it's very difficult to politicize this issue."

In its early days, the peace prize was given for efforts to end or prevent armed conflicts. Swedish industrialist Alfred Nobel said it should go to "the person who shall have done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses."

The committee has interpreted those instructions differently over time, widening the concept of peace work to include efforts to improve human rights, fight poverty, clean the environment -- and, this year, to promote children's rights.

"The Nobel Committee has shown a lot of imagination," Nandy said. "I hope both sides see this as an opportunity to open up, though I'm afraid it will turn into the usual nationalist claptrap."

------

Associated Press writers Karl Ritter in Stockholm, Mark Lewis in Oslo, Danica Kirka in London, Muneeza Naqvi in New Delhi, Zarar Khan and Munir Ahmed in Islamabad and Sherin Zada in Mingora, Pakistan, contributed to this report.