GM, Stellantis in talks with UAW to reach deals that mirror Ford's

DETROIT -- General Motors and Jeep maker Stellantis met with United Auto Workers bargainers Thursday to see whether they can reach a contract agreement that mirrors a deal signed with crosstown rival Ford.

Nearly 17,000 striking workers at Ford left the picket lines when the agreement was announced Wednesday night and will return to work shortly. About 57,000 Ford workers still have to vote on the tentative pact.

GM and Stellantis will have to follow the pattern set by Ford or it's likely UAW president Shawn Fain will add factories to its partial strikes that began Sept. 15, said Art Wheaton, director of labor studies at Cornell University.

"Fain does not strike me as someone who is going to be willing to concede anything to the other two automakers to break the pattern," Wheaton said.

Additional strikes would be painful to the companies, especially at GM, which has profitable pickup truck plants in Fort Wayne, Indiana, and Flint, Michigan, the union could shut down, Wheaton said.

GM and Stellantis are losing money because of the strikes and they may be eager to bring them to a close, even though it's not certain whether Ford workers will ratify the contract, Wheaton said. GM said Tuesday that it's losing about $200 million per week because of the strike, which this week hit the highly profitable factory in Arlington, Texas, that makes large truck-based SUVs, such as the Chevrolet Tahoe.

The Ford deal, if approved by local union leaders and ratified by members, would give top-scale assembly plant workers a 25% raise over the life of the contract. Including cost of living raises, workers would get over 30% in pay increases to over $40 per hour by the time the contract expires April 30, 2028. They also won pay raises and a quicker path to full time for temporary workers, the end of some wage tiers, pension increases and increased 401(k) contributions for those without them. Members could begin voting next week on the pact.

GM is likely to be the next company to settle because it has agreed to pull new electric vehicle battery factories into the UAW's national contract, which essentially unionizes them. The UAW sees the plants as the jobs of the future in the auto industry as the nation and world transition from internal combustion engines to battery power. Workers making gasoline engines and transmissions will need a place to work when their plants are phased out.

It wasn't clear what Ford agreed to in terms of battery factories. The company has said it would be hard to unionize employees who haven't been hired yet at plants that haven't been built. Ford had announced plans to build two battery factories in Kentucky, one in Tennessee and another in Michigan, but the Michigan plant is now on hold.

All three companies have said they don't want to absorb labor costs that are so high they would force price increases and make their vehicles more expensive than those made by nonunion companies, such as Tesla and Toyota.

On its third-quarter earnings conference call Thursday, Ford Chief Financial Officer John Lawler said the strike reduced pretax earnings by $100 million during the quarter. The six-week strike cost the company production of 80,000 vehicles, which will reduce full-year pretax earnings by $1.3 billion, he said. The UAW agreement will add $850 to $900 in labor costs per vehicle, he said. The company plans cuts and efficiency efforts, so it's unclear how much of that cost would be passed on to consumers.

Ford withdrew its previous guidance for 2023 until the union votes on the contract, saying that the strikes have caused uncertainty among parts suppliers and over ramping up production at Ford factories that were closed.

CFRA analyst Garrett Nelson said the costs of the contract will be significant for the company "and they will weigh on (profit) margins and affect its competitiveness relative to Tesla and other non-union automakers."

A study this month by Moody's Investor Service found that annual labor costs could rise by $1.1 billion for Stellantis, $1.2 billion for GM and $1.4 billion for Ford in the final year of the contract. The study assumed a 20% increase in hourly labor costs.

Wheaton said the companies are making billions and now can afford the higher labor costs, which he estimated are 6% to 8% of the cost of a vehicle.