Death shows Ebola can spread by air travel

ABUJA, Nigeria -- Nigerian health authorities raced to stop the spread of Ebola on Saturday after a man sick with one of the world's deadliest diseases brought it by plane to Lagos, Africa's largest city with 21 million people.

The fact the traveler from Liberia could board an international flight raised new fears that other passengers could take the disease beyond Africa because of weak inspection of passengers and the fact Ebola's symptoms are similar to other diseases.

Officials in the country of Togo, where the sick man's flight had a stopover, also went on high alert after learning Ebola could have spread to a fifth country.

Screening people as they enter the country may help slow the spread of the disease but is no guarantee Ebola won't travel by airplane, according to Dr. Lance Plyler, who leads Ebola medical efforts in Liberia for aid organization Samaritan's Purse.

"Unfortunately, the initial signs of Ebola imitate other diseases, like malaria or typhoid," he said.

Ebola already had caused 672 deaths across a wide swath of West Africa before the Nigeria case was announced. It is the deadliest outbreak on record for Ebola, and it threatens Nigeria, Africa's most populous nation. An outbreak in Lagos, Africa's megacity where many live in cramped conditions, could be a disaster.

"Lagos is completely different from other cities, because we're talking about millions of people," said Plan International's Disaster Response and Preparedness leader, Dr. Unni Krishnan.

Nigerian newspapers describe the effort as a "scramble" to contain the threat after the Liberian arrived in Lagos and then died Friday.

International airports in Nigeria are screening passengers arriving from foreign countries for symptoms of Ebola, according to Yakubu Dati, the spokesman for Federal Aviation Authority of Nigeria.

Health officials also are working with ports and land borders, he said.

"They are giving out information in terms of enlightenment, what to do, what to look out for," he said.

And Nigerian airports are setting up holding rooms in case another potential Ebola victim lands in Nigeria.

Airports in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone, the three other West African countries affected by the current Ebola outbreak, have implemented preventive measures, according to officials in those countries. But none of the safeguards are foolproof, health experts say.

Doctors say health screens could be effective, but Ebola has a variable incubation period of between two and 21 days and cannot be diagnosed on the spot.

Patrick Sawyer, a consultant for the Liberian Ministry of Finance, arrived in Nigeria on Tuesday and was detained by health authorities suspecting he might have Ebola, Plyler said.

On his way to Lagos, Sawyer's plane also stopped in Lome, Togo, according to the World Health Organization.

Authorities announced Friday blood tests from the Lagos University Teaching Hospital confirmed Sawyer died of Ebola that day.

Sawyer reportedly did not show Ebola symptoms when he boarded the plane, Plyler said, but by the time he arrived in Nigeria, he was vomiting and had diarrhea. There has not been another recently recorded case of Ebola spreading through air travel, he added.

Nearly 50 other passengers on the flight are being monitored for signs of Ebola but are not being kept in isolation, said an employee at Nigeria's Ministry of Health, who insisted on anonymity because he was not authorized to speak to the press.

Sawyer's sister also died of Ebola in Liberia, according to Liberian officials, but he claimed to have had no contact with her. Ebola is contagious and kills more than 70 percent of people infected.

Ebola is passed by touching bodily fluids of patients even after they die, he said. Traditional burials that include rubbing the bodies of the dead contribute to the spread of the disease, Krishnan added.

There is no "magic bullet" cure for Ebola, but early detection and treatment of fluids and nutrition can be effective, Plyler said in Liberia. Quickly isolating patients who show symptoms is crucial in slowing the spread of the disease.

West African hospitals have weak and "often paralyzed" health-care systems, he said, and usually not equipped to handle Ebola outbreaks.

International aid organizations like his and Doctors Without Borders have stepped in, but they also lack enough funding and manpower. "We need more humanitarian workers," he said. "We need resources."

------

AP writer Krista Larson contributed to this report from Dakar, Senegal.