Abu Ghraib prison returns to control of Iraqi guards

ABU GHRAIB, Iraq -- In the cellblock where a worldwide scandal began, an eerie silence prevails as ceiling fans whip the furnace-like air across the fresh paint and new Chinese locks.

A handful of common criminals spend their days in quiet solitary confinement, a sharp contrast to the reports of torture and executions under Saddam Hussein, and sexual abuse at the hands of U.S. soldiers.

The prison's new Iraqi administration is trying to remake the image of the huge jail on Baghdad's western outskirts. An Associated Press reporter and photographer, escorted by American and Iraqi officials Saturday, got the first outsider's glimpse of the new version of prison life inside the lockup.

"The building itself isn't evil. It's just a question of who's running it," said newly appointed warden Bassim, a prison employee for 25 years under Saddam. Bassim refused to allow use of his full name and declined photographs, fearing he would be recognized.

The infamous sections 1A and 1B were the sites of U.S. abuse of political prisoners, but now they hold troublemakers and problem inmates.

The entire Iraqi-controlled section of the prison holds 1,200 inmates, but most don't know it was the place of former abuse. Neither do most of their jailers.

The knowledge, overseers say, would only be ammunition for those determined to undermine postwar reconstruction and attack Iraqis cooperating with American occupiers.

The U.S. Coalition Provisional Authority took charge of the prison after the military failed to quell riots in April. It handed control to the Iraqis in June, before the official transfer of sovereignty.

"They're running the place the way we would typically run a U.S. prison," said Mike Pannek, the U.S. warden adviser who led the walkthrough. He was brought in from his job as a warden in his hometown of Spokane, Wash., to administer and now advise the Iraqis.

Some still in U.S. handsPolitical detainees remain under U.S. control in Camp Redemption, a city of tents beyond the prison's walls. But the criminal offenders live inside the prison itself, supervised by 480 corrections officers.

While conditions have improved, it is far from perfect. Five Iraqi prison officers were recently arrested for trying to smuggle drugs in to prisoners. Some inmates have been incarcerated for more than a year and are still waiting for their cases to be reviewed.

Officials from Iraq's Human Rights Ministry visit weekly, and slowly work through the cases to determine who stays and who goes.

In most cells, lethargy chokes the air. Temperatures during Iraq's summer reach 122 degrees. Many of the men wear long white shorts and little else as they lie sprawled on foam mattresses on the floor. Metal bunks were removed after prisoners, during riots in April, made knives from the iron and pried locks open.

Saturday was visiting day for mothers, wives and children. The flip-flop shuffle of plastic slippers smacked against the pavement as the male prisoners lined up inside a gray cinderblock room, facing a wire fence in their bright orange jumpsuits.

Their hard expressions melted into smiles as they spotted familiar people. Mothers and wives clawed fingers into the wire, constantly readjusting veils and screaming across the 2-yard divide to be heard.

Family squabbles and money for lawyers were the main topics of conversation.

After a half-hour, a guard banged his fist against a steel door: Time to go. The women ignored him, wanting a few more moments. Female correction officers clapped their hands, trying to herd them away.

The Iraqis say they're ready to take on the responsibility of running the prison, but they fear the fury of their countrymen because they're dealing with the Americans.

Insurgents have threatened to kill any Iraqis they conclude are collaborating with the enemy.

Bassim said the previous warden was kidnapped and taken to the nearby city of Fallujah and shot in the right leg five times before being released. A prison guard was recently gunned down by local insurgents, he said.

Bassim insists that, during the Saddam era, the prison's condition was poor, but the torture and executions that gave Abu Ghraib its original reputation took place in the section that housed political detainees -- not the criminal block where he worked.

"The food was so bad they would rely on their relatives, who'd bring food for them when they visited," Bassim said. "They used to sleep on top of each other. One would have his leg on another's arm, another on someone's back."

The number of men in each cell has dropped from 30 in Saddam's time to about eight now, he said.

Even with the recent overhaul, the reputation that comes with the words Abu Ghraib seems unlikely to abate any time soon. Even some of those Iraqi families desperate to see their jailed loved ones are staying away, their years of Saddam-fueled terror only exacerbated by the recent American abuses.

"They're intimidated by the prison," Pannek said. "The problem now is that it's even more tainted by the scandal. It's another problem we have to overcome."