10 years after end of 'Don't ask, don't tell,' cadets see progress

NEW LONDON, Conn. -- Kelli Normoyle was nervous as she arrived at the Coast Guard Academy campus in Connecticut in 2008. She had come out as a lesbian to a few friends near the end of high school, but she faced a military environment where "don't ask, don't tell" was still the policy prohibiting gay people from serving openly.

She kept quiet about her sexuality for her freshman year, fearing expulsion and the ruin of her not-yet-begun career. She started testing the waters her second year.

"OK, maybe this is somebody that I can trust, maybe this is somebody that identifies the way I do," said Normoyle, now a lieutenant on the cutter Sanibel, based in Woods Hole, Massachusetts. "But then you always have that moment that was that kind of leap of faith."

Marking the 10th anniversary last week of the end of "don't ask, don't tell," a new generation of military academy students say their campuses are now tolerant, welcoming and inclusive for the most part -- but that more work needs to be done.

Homophobic or ignorant comments still arise occasionally. Many transgender students still do not feel comfortable coming out. And advocates say the military needs to do more to include people with HIV, as well as nonbinary and intersex people.

Normoyle, 32, of Mount Laurel, New Jersey, and fellow cadet Chip Hall led the formation of the Coast Guard Academy's Spectrum Diversity Council, the first advocacy group for LGBTQ students at a U.S. military academy, a few months after "don't ask, don't tell" ended Sept. 20, 2011. Similar groups later formed at the other four service academies.

Gays and lesbians were banned in the military until the 1993 approval of "don't ask, don't tell," which allowed them to serve only if they did not openly acknowledge their sexual orientation. Rather than helping, advocates say, the policy actually created more problems. In its entire history, the military dismissed more than 100,000 service members based on their sexual or gender identities -- 14,000 of them during "don't ask, don't tell."

Repeal of the law was approved by Congress and President Barack Obama in late 2010 and took effect nine months later, allowing lesbian, gay and bisexual people to serve openly.

At the Air Force Academy in Colorado, second-year cadet Marissa Howard, who came out as a lesbian a few years ago, said she admires LGBTQ service members who struggled under the former policy.

"I commend them," said Howard of San Antonio, a member of the academy's Spectrum group. "I feel very included in the environment, and it's just a good place to feel like my identity is seen and I don't have to hide who I am here."

Some fellow cadets, however, don't support their LGBTQ classmates, she said. Once, during an online class, someone called her "weird" for being gay, perhaps thinking they were muted, she said.

The Coast Guard Academy in New London was the only U.S. military academy to hold a public event Sept. 20 to mark the 10th anniversary. About 100 people attended a dinner that included a viewing of a documentary on "don't ask, don't tell," followed by a discussion.

For many cadets, it is difficult to imagine what it was like because their generation has been more accepting, said K.C. Commins, a bisexual Coast Guard Academy senior from Altoona, Iowa, and current Spectrum Diversity Council president.

"There are so many of us now. It's hard to ignore that we're here and ... it is the new normal," Commins said.

Rear Adm. William G. Kelly, the Coast Guard Academy's superintendent, told the crowd Sept. 20 officials have worked hard on LGBTQ inclusion and are developing a campus policy for transgender students.

Transgender people were allowed to serve openly in the military beginning in 2016, but the Trump administration largely banned them in 2019. Although President Joe Biden overturned the ban earlier this year, formal policies are still being drafted at some locations.

At the U.S. Naval Academy, sexual orientation is mostly a nonissue, said Andre Rascoe, a senior midshipman who is gay.

"In my experience, you always have the one or two people who kind of feel uncomfortable either rooming with or being on, like, a sports team with someone who's in the queer community, but they are anomalies," he said.

After students graduate, they will face a military environment where sexual assault and harassment continue to be pervasive and where lesbian, gay and bisexual service members are disproportionately victimized, according to an independent review commission's report submitted to Biden in June.

In its latest annual report on sexual assaults and harassment at West Point and the Air Force and Naval academies, the Defense Department said 129 sexual assaults were reported during the 2019-20 school year, down from 149 the year before. Twelve complaints of sexual harassment were received, down from 17 the previous year.

"Obviously there's a lot more room to grow," said Jennifer Dane, chief executive and director of the Modern Military Association of America, an LGBTQ advocacy group.

Dane, who served in the Air Force from 2010 to 2016, said the Air Force began investigating her sexuality during her first year but dropped the probe after "don't ask, don't tell" was repealed.

"When it was repealed ... I was finally able to be my authentic self, and it was very empowering," she said.