Teens work fewer summer jobs than they once did

WASHINGTON -- It was at Oregon's Timberline Lodge, later known as a setting in the horror movie "The Shining," where Patrick Doyle earned his first real paycheck.

He was a busboy. The job didn't pay much. But Doyle quickly learned lessons that served him for years as he rose to become the CEO of Domino's, the pizza-delivery giant: Show up on time, dress properly and treat customers well.

"I grew up a lot that summer," he said.

As summer 2017 begins, America's teenagers are far less likely to be acquiring the kinds of experiences Doyle found so useful. Once a teenage rite of passage, the summer job is vanishing.

Instead of baling hay, scooping ice cream or stocking supermarket shelves in July and August, today's teens are more likely to be enrolled in summer school, doing volunteer work to burnish their college credentials or just hanging out with friends.

In this Tuesday, June 20, 2017, photo, Nathan Miller, 19, stands over fellow student Camille Sem, 17, in a certified nursing assistant class at New Berlin Eisenhower Middle/High School in New Berlin, Wis. Miller is forgoing a summer job to play baseball and take the class, to help make him a better candidate for medical school down the road. He's not alone. Fewer and fewer teens are taking summer jobs, according to the Department of Labor. (AP Photo/Carrie Antlfinger)

For many, not working is a choice. For some others, it reflects a lack of opportunities where they live, often in lower-income urban areas: They sometimes find older workers hold the low-skill jobs that once would have been available to them.

In July 1986, 57 percent of Americans ages 16 to 19 were employed. The proportion stayed over 50 percent until 2002, when it began dropping steadily. By last July, only 36 percent were working.

Economists and labor market observers worry that falling teen employment will deprive them of valuable work experience and of opportunities to encounter people of different ethnic, social and cultural backgrounds.

But the longer-term trend for teen employment is down and likely to stay that way for several reasons.

Teenagers and their parents are increasingly aware of the value of a college education. A result is more teens are spending summers volunteering or studying to prepare for college.

In this Tuesday, May 23, 2017, photo, from left, teens Ben Testa, Hannah Waring and Abby McDonough, and Wegmeyer Farms owner Tyler Wegmeyer walk the strawberry rows at Wegmeyer Farms in Hamilton, Va. Testa, Waring, and McDonough are working at Wegmeyer Farms for the summer. Summer jobs are vanishing as U.S. teens spend more time in school and face competition from older workers. (AP Photo/Carolyn Kaster)

In July 1986, just 12 percent of Americans ages 16 to 19 were taking summer classes. Thirty years later, the share had risen to 42 percent.

"Parental emphasis on the rewards of education has contributed to the decline in teen labor-force participation," Teresa Morisi, a Labor Department economist, concluded in a February report on teen employment, which has been declining in the United States and other wealthy countries.

Nathan Miller, 19, of New Berlin, Wisconsin, didn't work throughout high school, choosing instead to play baseball and spend time with his family. He's forgoing summer employment again this year to play baseball and take a certified nursing assistant course at a high school.

Miller, who starts college in the fall, said the course may give him an edge in his quest to become a doctor.

"I'm going to try to get as much hours as I can as early as possible to get as much advantage as I can to get into a competitive med school," he said. "It's a competition out there."

In this Tuesday, May 23, 2017, photo, Tyler Wegmeyer, owner of Wegmeyer Farms, picks strawberries in the pick-your-own strawberry patch at Wegmeyer Farms in Hamilton, Va. Hiring summer workers is one of Wegmeyer's biggest problems. (AP Photo/Carolyn Kaster)

Teens who want to work can find older workers are standing in the way. The summer jobs teens used to take -- flipping burgers, unpacking produce at the grocery store, cashiering at the mall -- increasingly are filled by older, often foreign-born, workers.

In 2000-2001, teens accounted for 12 percent of retail workers, researchers at Drexel University found. Fifteen years later, it was just 7 percent. Over the same period, the teenage share of restaurant and hotel jobs fell from 21 percent to 16 percent.

Americans increasingly keep working even as they near traditional retirement age -- sometimes taking entry-level jobs to provide income as they transition to full-time retirement. Foreign-born workers also have increased their share of hotel and restaurant jobs that require little education.

Many employers view older workers as more reliable -- more likely to show up on time, or at all, and to better know how to handle customers, co-workers and suppliers.

Many school districts have lengthened their academic years to try to boost student achievement, in the process shrinking summer vacation and the chance for teens to find work even if they want to.

School years now often don't end well into June and resume before Labor Day.

"With a shorter summer off from school, students may be less inclined to get a summer job, and employers may be less inclined to hire them," Morisi wrote.

The picture varies, of course, across demographic and racial lines. In poor urban neighborhoods, teens who want work struggle to find it. The summer jobs they used to get -- scarce in the best of times -- now often go to adults.

In wealthier areas, teens are more likely to be attending summer school, doing volunteer work, traveling with their families or pursuing sports or other extracurriculars.

In Loudoun County, Virginia, an affluent suburb of Washington, many businesses said they struggle to find teens willing and able to work summers.

"They're busy," said Tyler Wegmeyer, who raises fruits and vegetables and runs a pick-your-own farm in the Loudoun town of Hamilton. "They've got activities. They've got camps. Their families go on vacation. It's very rare I can get a kid to work all summer long."

A few years ago, Marty Potts' family, which has farmed in Loudoun County for decades, had to abandon its dairy operation, which requires many laborers, to focus on beef farming, which requires fewer. Even so, she said, "It's been two years since we've been able to get anybody."