Possible lost Caravaggio painting found in attic in France

PARIS -- A 400-year-old picture that might have been painted by Italian master Caravaggio has been found in an attic in southern France.

Eric Turquin, the French expert who retrieved the painting two years ago, said it is in an exceptional state of conservation and estimates its value at about $135 million.

The picture, whose authenticity hasn't been established, had been left for more than 150 years in a property on the outskirts of Toulouse.

Called "Judith Beheading Holofernes," it depicts the biblical heroine Judith beheading an Assyrian general. It is thought to have been painted in Rome about 1604 to 1605.

Turquin said at a news conference Tuesday there "will never be a consensus" about the name of the artist.

Two Caravaggio experts he consulted with attributed the painting to Louis Finson, a Flemish painter and art dealer who was familiar with Caravaggio, Turquin said.

Finson possessed a number of works from the Italian master and made copies of his pictures.

"But the third expert I met told me that it was not only a Caravaggio, but also a masterpiece," Turquin said. "'Judith Beheading Holofernes' must be considered the most important painting, by far, to have emerged in the last 20 years by one of the great masters."

The picture has been awarded "National Treasure" status by French authorities, meaning it can't be exported for 30 months, leaving the national museums enough time for its acquisition.

While stating the art work has yet to be authenticated, France's Culture Ministry justified its decision to ban the export of the painting because it "deserves to be kept on (French) territory as a very important landmark of Caravaggism."

Richard E. Spear, a scholar of Italian Baroque art who is an expert of Caravaggio, said he was "highly dubious" the Italian master painted the artwork.

Spear, who has seen only photos of the painting, said he wasn't convinced by the handling of the brushwork, and some anatomical details of the characters raised questions.

"There's peculiar brushwork right under the eye of Holofernes that has just no relationship to the structure of a head," he said. "Altogether, the picture looks rather coarse and heavy to me."

The owners of the house in Toulouse discovered the painting, which had been damaged partially by water, when they went to the attic to fix a leak.

They called local auctioneer Marc Labarde. After using cotton wool and water to clean it, he recognized a 17th-century painting from the Caravaggio school.

"I told the owners they had found a beautiful picture and gave them an estimation that I do not dare say," Labarde said. "Then I had it sent to Paris."

Turquin kept the picture away from the public's eyes for two years, cleaning it and submitting it to an examination that included infrared reflectography and X-rays. Because of the painting's large size, some of the checks were made at a veterinary school.

"In between a horse and a cow, the radiologist was a bit surprised," Turquin joked. "Then she told us we brought her a stolen picture, because she thought it was actually the contemporary copy from Finson."

That copy is on exhibition in Naples and belongs to an Italian bank.

According to Turquin's team of experts, the two paintings were recorded in Finson's will made in Amsterdam in 1617. Then the original disappeared.

"It's a painting of a composition that we know of from the other versions, and whether there's a Caravaggio behind it we still have not found, or is this an invention by Finson? That, we don't know for sure," Spear said.

Turquin, on the other hand, says he doesn't need further expertise.

"Everybody agrees on the fact that it's one of the most important masterpieces from the 17th century to have emerged over the past 30 years," said Turquin, who has been watching over the painting. Since its delivery in Paris, he has been sleeping with the painting in his bedroom, as a security measure.