Libya rebels flee oil port under barrage

RAS LANOUF, Libya -- With barrages of tank and artillery fire, Moammar Gadhafi's loyalists threw rebels into a retreat from a strategic oil port Thursday, its counteroffensive reversing the opposition's advance toward the capital Tripoli and now threatening its positions in the east.

Hundreds of rebels in cars and trucks mounted with machine guns sped eastward on the Mediterranean coastal road in a flight from Ras Lanouf as rockets and shells pounded a hospital, mosque and other buildings in the oil complex. Doctors and staff at the hospital were evacuated east along with wounded from fighting from the past week.

In Tripoli, Gadhafi's son Seif al-Islam vowed to retake the eastern half of the country, which has been in the opposition's hands since early on in the 3-week-old uprising.

"I have two words to our brothers and sisters in the east: We're coming," he told a cheering crowd of young supporters, depicting Libyans in the east as being held "hostage" by terrorists.

The rout was a heavy blow for the ragtag rebel forces of armed civilians and mutinous army units that only days before had been charging west, boasting they would march the hundreds of miles to "liberate" Tripoli.

French recognition

It came even as the opposition was making gains on the diplomatic front. France became the first country to recognize the rebels' eastern-based governing council, and an ally of President Nicolas Sarkozy said his government was planning "targeted operations" to defend civilians if the international community approves. U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton said she would meet with opposition leaders in the U.S., Egypt and Tunisia.

But the West showed no concrete sign of moving toward military assistance that the opposition has been pleading for. A rebel spokesman went beyond repeated calls for a no-fly zone to prevent Gadhafi's air force from harrying opposition fighters and said the West should carry out direct strikes against regime troops.

"We have requested for all steps to be taken to protect the Libyan people. We believe the U.N. can do that. The bombardment of mercenaries and Gadhafi troop camps are among our demands," Abdel-Hafidh Ghoga, a spokesman of the governing council, told reporters in the opposition's eastern bastion Benghazi.

The rebels' capture of Ras Lanouf a week ago had been a major victory as they pushed along Libya's long Mediterranean coastline toward Tripoli, in the far west of the country. A day after seizing it, their forces charged farther ahead, reaching the outskirts of Sirte, Gadhafi's hometown and the bastion of his regime in the center of the country.

But there they were met by a heavy counterattack that over the past week steadily pushed them back toward Ras Lanouf, 380 miles east of Tripoli, as rebels tried to build supply lines from further east to keep up momentum.

The regime offensive appeared to build in force. Thursday morning rebels were bringing in heavier weapons like multiple-rocket launcher trucks and small tanks to front lines just west of Ras Lanouf. But they came under a powerful barrage of shelling that pushed them back along the flat, desert scrubland into the tiny oil port.

A torrent of artillery and tank shells pounded around the facilities and the adjacent residential areas -- long deserted amid the fighting.

Akram al-Zwei, an opposition leader in the nearby city of Ajdabiya, said gunboats off shore joined the bombardment, though that could not be independently confirmed. He said four battalions of pro-Gadhafi troops were involved in the assault, battling the opposition's civilian militias and an eastern-based special commando unit, the Saiqa 36 Battalion, that had joined the rebellion.

Rebels fought back with rocket fire and anti-aircraft guns. But the fighters, mostly armed with assault rifles, appeared outgunned.

"We don't have any heavy weapons," shouted one fighter, named Ali.

By the afternoon, many rebel fighters were speeding east from Ras Lanouf in an evacuation, most converging on the opposition-held oil port of Brega and the city of Ajdabiya, 100 miles away.

"Everyone just started leaving, it's not organized," said one fleeing fighter. "The weapons we have just don't reach them."

Ras Lanouf's main hospital was hit by artillery or an airstrike and the rebels pulled their staff out and evacuating patients to the towns of Brega and Ajdabiya, said Gebril Hewada, a doctor on the opposition's health committee in the main eastern city of Benghazi.

At least four rebel fighters were killed, 35 wounded and 65 missing in the fighting, according to doctors in Brega.

There were conflicting reports about whether government forces completely held Ras Lanouf. Al-Zwei and Ghoga, the opposition spokesman, claimed it remained in rebel hands.

A rebel fighter who fled the city after nightfall said it still had not fallen to the regime.

"They are still bombing it from the air, the sea and with rockets, but the ground forces have not come in," Mohammed el-Gheriani said, carrying a Kalashnikov rifle.

But it appeared that Brega, 70 miles (116 kilometers) further east, could also be under threat. During the day, a warplane struck an empty area in Brega, which has also largely been evacuated of residents and personnel.

"We need help from the international community, but we just hear promises," said Mohammed Ali al-Zwei, a 48-year-old rebel fighter. "They are doing nothing."

Taking back Ras Lanouf would be a major victory for Gadhafi, pushing his zone of control farther along the coast. His regime has also claimed a victory in the west, saying Wednesday it recaptured Zawiya, the closest rebel-held city to the capital, after a six-day siege. Western journalists based in Tripoli were taken late Wednesday to a stadium on the outskirts of Zawiya that was filled with Gadhafi loyalists waving green flags and launching fireworks. But the journalists were not allowed to visit Zawiya's main square, and the extent of government control was not known in the city, located on Tripoli's western doorstep.

Deputy Foreign Minister Khaled Qaid reiterated the government's claim Thursday, reading a military statement saying that Zawiya had been recaptured at 11 a.m. Wednesday and journalists would be taken to visit the city on Friday.

"Now the forces are cleaning the city of the extremist armed militants," Qaid told journalists. He said "the security forces and civilians" had seized weapons and ammunition, including anti-aircraft guns, mortar shells and anti-tank missiles.

Western countries appeared to be growing more open in their embrace of the rebel movement. But they were struggling with how to translate that into concrete support.

France said it planned to exchange ambassadors with the rebels' Interim Governing Council after Sarkozy met with two representatives from the group, based in Benghazi, Libya's second-largest city.

"It breaks the ice," said Mustafa Gheriani, an opposition spokesman. "We expect Italy to do it, and we expect England to do it."

French activist-intellectual Bernard Henri-Levy sat in the meeting and said France was planning "targeted operations" to defend civilians if the interim council demands them and the international community approves. Henri-Levy did not elaborate and the French government declined to comment, so it was not clear if Henri-Levy was describing a new, more aggressive plan for intervention.

NATO has said it is drawing up plans for a no-fly zone but would only act with the approval of the UN Security Council. Britain and France have backed the rebels' calls for a no-fly zone.

But the U.S. showed caution, warning against a go-it-alone approach in Libya.

"Absent international authorization, the United States acting alone would be stepping into a situation whose consequences are unforeseeable," Clinton said. "We're looking to see whether there is any willingness in the international community to provide any authorization for further steps."

Speaking at a House budget hearing, Clinton announced that the U.S. was suspending its relationship with Libya's remaining envoys to the country, though the move falls short of severing diplomatic relations. She said she would meet with Libyan opposition figures when she travels to Egypt and Tunisia next week, marking the highest level contact between the U.S. and anti-Gadhafi elements controlling most of the east of the country.

NATO said it had started round-the-clock surveillance of the air space over Libya, and British Foreign Secretary William Hague said a meeting of EU foreign ministers would discuss how to isolate the regime.

Germany said it froze billions in assets of the Libyan Central Bank and other state-run agencies. The U.S., UK, Switzerland, Austria and other countries have also frozen Gadhafi's assets.

"The brutal suppression of the Libyan freedom movement can now no longer be financed from funds that are in German banks," Economy Minister Rainer Bruederle said.

The Libyan government tried to stave off tough action, sending envoys to Egypt, Portugal and Greece.

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Associated Press writers Maggie Michael in Tripoli, Zeina Karam in Cairo, John Heilprin in Geneva, Elaine Ganley in Paris, Don Melvin in Brussels and Alan Clendenning in Madrid contributed to this report.