Denuclearization questions shadow Pompeo visit with Kim

SEOUL, South Korea -- Three weeks after the U.S.-North Korea summit and ahead of an impending trip to North Korea by U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo, a leaked U.S. intelligence report and an analysis of satellite data suggest the North may be continuing its nuclear and missile activities despite a pledge to denuclearize.

North Korea has been showering the United States and South Korea with goodwill gestures in recent months, including the shutdown of its main nuclear testing site and the releases of three American detainees. But many experts say nothing it has done is consequential enough to be seen as a sign the country is willing to fully surrender its nukes.

The State Department said Pompeo is to visit North Korea later this week in his third visit to the country in the past three months. President Donald Trump's national security adviser, John Bolton, said Sunday that Pompeo and North Korean officials will discuss a U.S. plan to lead to the dismantling of the North's nuclear and missile programs in a year.

But it's still unclear whether Pyongyang would agree to such an arrangement. Also, many question whether Trump has the persistence to see through a lengthy and expensive process to fully eliminate North Korea's nuclear threat.

A look at the latest developments in the nuclear diplomacy:

Nuclear activities

After his June 12 summit with North Korean leader Kim Jong Un in Singapore, Trump tweeted "there is no longer a nuclear threat from North Korea." But recently disclosed information has contradicted the claim.

The Washington Post on Saturday cited unidentified U.S. intelligence officials as concluding North Korea does not intend to fully surrender its nuclear stockpile. Evidence collected since the Singapore summit points to preparations to deceive the U.S. about the number of nuclear warheads in North Korea's arsenal as well as the existence of undisclosed facilities used to make fissile material for nuclear bombs, according to the report.

A U.S. official told The Associated Press the Post's report was accurate and the assessment reflected the consistent view across U.S. government agencies. The official was not authorized to comment publicly on the matter and requested anonymity.

An analysis of recent satellite photos also indicated North Korea is completing a major expansion of a factory in the northeast producing key parts of nuclear-capable missiles, two researchers at the Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey, California, said in a joint post Monday.

"The expansion suggests that, despite hopes for denuclearization, Kim Jong Un is committed to increasing North Korea's stockpile of nuclear-armed missiles," Jeffrey Lewis and Dave Schmerler said.

Nam Sung-wook, a professor at Korea University in South Korea, said the U.S. officials or academics speaking out likely aimed to put pressure on both North Korea and Trump.

"First, they would want to say that they have lots of intelligence on North Korea and that its relations with the U.S. would go back to the past if it doesn't take practical disarmament steps," Nam said. "Secondly, they likely targeted (Trump), asking if he was deceived by North Korea because no progress has been reported in the three weeks after the summit."

Analyst Hong Min at Seoul's Korea Institute for National Unification downplayed the significance of the new disclosures, saying Pyongyang and Washington haven't yet agreed on detailed disarmament steps the North is obliged to take.

Pompeo's mission

During the Singapore summit, Kim repeated his vague pledge to work toward the "complete denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula." In return, Trump promised to give Kim security assurances and announced the suspension of military drills with South Korea, drawing criticism that he made too many concessions.

The result has left much of the hard work to Pompeo. In each of his two previous trips, he met with Kim. According to the State Department, senior U.S. diplomat Sung Kim, who held negotiations with North Korean officials before the Singapore summit, also travelled to a Korean border village Sunday to restart talks with the North.

Experts say Pompeo will have to coax significant reciprocal steps from North Korea to firmly lock the country into a process of disarmament to justify the suspension of the U.S.-South Korea war games.

Hong said Pyongyang is expected to tell Pompeo what disarmament steps it will take over the next six to 12 months, such as shutting down its plutonium-producing reactor and uranium-enrichment plant at its main nuclear complex.

Others say Pompeo should aim higher and get North Korea to commit to specific disarmament timetables and a "frontloaded" abandonment of its nuclear weapons and materials at an early stage. This would be something of a reversal of a normal denuclearization process in which inspections of nuclear facilities and sites come before a verifiable dismantling of nuclear assets.

It remains to be seen how far Kim would go in rolling back his nuclear program, which he may see as a stronger guarantee of his survival than whatever security assurances Washington could provide. Some experts think Kim is modeling his country's nuclear future after Pakistan, which began building a nuclear arsenal in the 1990s to deter India and is now estimated to have more than 100 warheads deliverable by short- and medium-range weapons and aircraft.

While Kim may seek to turn his finished weapons into security and economic benefits, in any agreement he will also attempt to retain enough of his manufacturing and research capabilities to allow for a quick resumption of his nuclear weapons program in case diplomacy falls apart, said Hwang Ildo, a professor at Seoul's Korea National Diplomatic Academy.

A bad outcome for South Korea and Japan would be agreeing to a deal removing North Korea's long-range missiles posing a direct threat to continental United States, but leaves Kim's shorter arsenal mostly intact. This would put South Korea's security and its alliance with the United States "at a crossroads between life and death," said Kim Taewoo, a former president of the Korea Institute of National Unification.