Can tears produce stain on dog's face?

jkoch

By Dr. John Koch

Question: I have a dog that has light colored hair and dark stains that run from the inside corner of each eye down across the face. I believe tears from the eyes produce these stains. Is there anything that can be done for this?

Answer: This tear-staining syndrome you describe is called epiphora. It is due to an overproduction of tears or from an inability to properly drain the natural formation of tears from the eyes. Poodles and Maltese terriers are most commonly effected along with short-nosed breeds and Persian cats.

First, it must be understood that tears are absolutely vital in maintaining the health and integrity of the eye. Tears flush dirt and foreign matter from the eyes. They lubricate the passage of the lids over the outer surface of the eye. They provide a medium for the transference of oxygen, inflammatory cells and antibodies, all of which nourish and protect the eye from infection. Tears also provide a smooth surface to the cornea, which is necessary for optimal optical efficiency.

If overproduction of tears is the cause of epiphora, usually the eye will be red or inflamed. Treatment may involve nothing more than an antibiotic applied to the eye with or without an oral antibiotic. Inability to properly drain normal tear formation is a much more difficult problem.

Each eye contains a system that when working properly drains tears from the corner of the eye to the nostril. There are two small openings, called puncta, located at the corner of the eye into which tears drain. The tears flow from the openings into a very small reservoir or lake that is located just beneath the two openings. From this point a long narrow passage carries the liquid to another small puncta positioned slightly inside the nostril opening. These openings are nearly microscopic in size. Problems arise when there is infection within the passage system causing swelling and subsequent blockage. Blockage could also be caused by foreign material obstructing an opening or duct. Pets may be born without an opening or with a very narrow passage. Scar tissue may form from infection and prevent proper drainage. Treatment for these problems usually involve flushing, catheterization or surgery.

Other causes for epiphora include allergies, eyelashes located abnormally that rub against the eye, eyelids that are abnormally rotated into and onto the surface of the eye, and prominent nasal folds that rub against the eye. Solutions to epiphora may be simple, difficult or impossible depending upon the cause.

Dr. Koch is a Cape Girardeau veterinarian.